Heart Disease
Heart disease is a leading cause of death worldwide, affecting men more often under 55 and women post-menopause. It accounts for 32% of global deaths, especially in those over 65. Treatment options, including lifestyle changes, medications, and surgeries, greatly improve outcomes if addressed early.
Overview
Heart disease, also known as cardiovascular disease, refers to a range of conditions that affect the heart’s structure and function. It is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, affecting millions of people each year. Heart disease encompasses various conditions, including coronary artery disease, heart rhythm problems (arrhythmias), congenital heart defects, heart infections, and other conditions that affect the heart muscle, valves, or blood vessels.
Types of Heart Disease
| Type | Description | Prognosis | Symptoms |
|---|---|---|---|
| Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) | This is the most common type of heart disease, caused by the buildup of plaque in the coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart muscle. It can lead to chest pain (angina), heart attacks, and heart failure. | Prognosis varies; chronic condition with risk of heart attack. Management can improve outcomes. | Chest pain (angina) Shortness of breath Heart attack (in severe cases) |
| Heart Failure | Also known as congestive heart failure, this condition occurs when the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs. It can result from various heart conditions, including CAD and high blood pressure. | Can be managed with lifestyle changes and medication, but is progressive without treatment. | Shortness of breath Fatigue Swelling in legs, ankles, and feet |
| Arrhythmia | These are irregular heartbeats that can cause the heart to beat too fast, too slow, or with an irregular rhythm. Common types include atrial fibrillation(irregular), bradycardia(slow), and tachycardia(fast). | Varies depending on type; some may have minimal impact while others can be life-threatening. | Palpitations Dizziness Fainting |
| Valvular Heart Disease | This involves damage to one or more of the heart’s valves, affecting blood flow through the heart. Conditions include stenosis (narrowing of the valve) and regurgitation (leaking of the valve). Damage or defect in one of the four heart valves. | Depends on severity; medical or surgical intervention may improve the condition. | Shortness of breath Swelling of ankles Chest pain |
| Cardiomyopathy | This refers to diseases of the heart muscle that make it harder for the heart to pump blood. Types include dilated, hypertrophic, and restrictive cardiomyopathy. | A progressive disease that may lead to heart failure. Treatment can delay progression. | Breathlessness Swelling of legs Fatigue |
| Congenital Heart Disease | These are structural problems with the heart present at birth. They can range from simple defects that cause no symptoms to complex problems that can cause life-threatening symptoms. Heart abnormalities present from birth. | Prognosis varies widely depending on the nature of the defect. Surgical correction is often required. | Poor weight gain Cyanosis (bluish skin) Shortness of breath during feedings (in infants) |
| Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack) | Occurs when blood flow to a part of the heart is blocked for a long enough time that it causes damage or part of the heart muscle dies due to loss of blood flow. | Life-threatening but treatable if immediate medical attention is sought. Requires lifestyle changes post-event. | Chest pain or discomfort Upper body pain Shortness of breath Nausea Cold sweat Lightheadedness |
| Pericardial Disease | This involves inflammation of the pericardium, the sac surrounding the heart, which can lead to pericarditis or fluid accumulation (pericardial effusion). | Usually significant condition and prognosis depends on the type of pericardial condition, the underlying cause, and how promptly it is treated. | Chest pain Shortness of breath Fatigue Fever |
When to See a Doctor
Heart disease can result in severe complications, including heart attack, heart failure, arrhythmias, stroke, and sudden cardiac arrest. Other outcomes may include chronic fatigue, reduced quality of life, and organ damage due to poor blood flow. Early intervention and lifestyle changes are crucial to minimizing these risks. Here are guidelines on when to seek medical help:
Emergency Situations
Immediate medical attention is necessary if you or someone else experiences any of the following symptoms, as they may indicate a heart attack:
- Chest pain or discomfort that lasts more than a few minutes or that goes away and comes back
- Pain or discomfort in one or both arms, the back, neck, jaw, or stomach
- Shortness of breath, with or without chest discomfort
- Breaking out in a cold sweat, nausea, or lightheadedness
- Rapid or irregular heartbeats
Call emergency services immediately if you suspect a heart attack. Do not wait, as every minute counts.
Managing Pre-existing Conditions
If you’ve been diagnosed with heart disease, regular follow-up with healthcare professionals is crucial. Consider the following guidelines:
- Follow up with a cardiologist every 3 to 6 months, based on the severity of your condition and your doctor’s recommendation.
- Visit your general physician at least once a year for routine physical exams and to monitor any other health conditions.
- Monitor your symptoms regularly. If you notice a significant change, such as increased frequency of chest pain, shortness of breath, or fatigue, schedule an appointment with your healthcare provider.
Preventative Checkups
Preventative checkups are important, especially if you have risk factors such as a family history of heart disease, smoking, obesity, high blood pressure, or diabetes.
- Consult your general physician for a cardiovascular risk assessment starting in your 20s, and follow up every 4 to 6 years. More frequent assessments may be necessary based on your risk factors.
- If you have a family history of heart disease, consider seeing a cardiologist for personalized screening and preventive advice, potentially starting in your 30s or 40s.
- If you have elevated cholesterol, high blood pressure, or diabetes, follow your doctor’s recommendations for more frequent visits.
Which Doctors to See
The management and prevention of heart disease typically involve a team of healthcare professionals, including:
- Cardiologist: A heart specialist who manages heart disease and related symptoms.
- General Physician: who provides routine care and manages overall health.
- Nutritional Experts or Dietitians: for dietary advice to manage risk factors.
Risk Factors/Causes
Non-modifiable Risk Factors
Family History & Genetics
- Having a family member with heart disease, especially a first-degree relative such as a parent or sibling.
- Genetic abnormalities or inherited conditions that affect heart health.
Age, Sex, and Ethnicity
- Increased age, as the risk of heart disease increases with age.
- Being male, men generally have a higher risk of heart disease than premenopausal women.
- Certain ethnicities, such as African American, Native American, and South Asian, have higher risks.
Modifiable Risk Factors
Lifestyle Habits
- Smoking or tobacco use.
- Poor diet, particularly one high in saturated fats, trans fats, cholesterol, sodium, and processed sugars.
- Physical inactivity and a sedentary lifestyle.
- Excessive alcohol consumption.
- Chronic stress and poor mental health.
Pre-existing Medical Conditions
- Hypertension (high blood pressure).
- High cholesterol or hyperlipidemia.
- Diabetes and insulin resistance.
- Obesity and metabolic syndrome.
- Chronic kidney disease.
Prevention of Heart Disease
- Maintain a Healthy Diet:
Focus on a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats. - Exercise Regularly:
Engage in at least 150 minutes of moderate aerobic exercise or 75 minutes of vigorous exercise each week. - Manage Blood Pressure:
Regularly monitor your blood pressure and follow your healthcare provider’s advice to keep it within a healthy range. - Control Blood Sugar:
If you have diabetes, manage your blood sugar levels through diet, exercise, and medication if necessary. - Maintain a Healthy Weight:
Achieve and maintain a healthy weight to reduce strain on your heart. - Avoid Tobacco:
Quit smoking and avoid exposure to secondhand smoke to improve overall heart health. - Limit Alcohol Consumption:
Drink alcohol in moderation, if at all, to prevent negative effects on heart health. - Manage Stress:
Practice stress-reducing techniques such as meditation, yoga, or deep breathing exercises. - Get Regular Health Screenings:
Regular check-ups can help detect risk factors, such as high cholesterol and high blood pressure, early. - Get Enough Sleep:
Aim for 7-9 hours of quality sleep each night to support overall health.
Diagnosis
Diagnosing heart disease involves a comprehensive approach, starting with evaluating symptoms, physical examination, and progressing through a series of lab tests and imaging studies. Below is a detailed overview of the medical evaluations and lab tests performed in the order typically followed in diagnosing heart disease.
Initial Clinical Evaluation
The process often begins with an assessment by a healthcare provider, encompassing:
- Medical History:
The healthcare provider will discuss risk factors such as family history, lifestyle, previous medical conditions, and symptoms like chest pain or shortness of breath. - Physical Examination:
Examining the heart and lungs, checking blood pressure, evaluating pulse, and listening for abnormal heart sounds.
Laboratory Tests and Results Interpretation
Several laboratory blood tests can help diagnose heart disease. The higher the levels of the following, the higher the risk of heart disease. These tests require 10-12 hours of fasting before drawing the blood.
- Cholesterol test/ Lipid profile:
Measures cholesterol levels, including LDL (bad cholesterol), HDL (good cholesterol), and triglycerides to assess risk for atherosclerosis. - Blood Glucose and HbA1c:
Identifies diabetes or prediabetes, which are risk factors for heart disease. - Troponin Test (TnI & TnT):
Measures levels of troponin proteins, which are released when the heart muscle is damaged, often used to diagnose a heart attack. - BNP or NT-proBNP:
Measures B-type natriuretic peptide levels, which may be elevated in heart failure. - C-reactive Protein (CRP & Hs-CRP):
Indicates inflammation in the body and can suggest an increased risk for heart disease. - Plasma Ceramides:
Ceramides are a class of lipids, and their score, measured on a 12-point scale, has recently been identified as a significant risk indicator for heart disease, irrespective of low LDL cholesterol levels. Ceramides actively contribute to cardiovascular disease by attracting and drawing inflammatory cells and promoting clotting.
Note: Inform your doctor if you are taking vitamin supplements or biotin since it alters the accuracy of test results.
| Lab Test | Optimal | Acceptable | Borderline | High | Critical |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LDL (bad cholesterol) | ≤100 mg/dl (or) < 2.6 mmol/L | 100-129 mg/dl (or) 2.6 -3.3 mmol/L | 130-159 mg/dl (or) 3.4-4.1 mmol/L | 160-189 mg/dl (or) 4.1-4.9mmol/L | ≥190 mg/dl (or) >4.9mmol/L |
| VLDL (bad cholesterol) | 2 – <30 mg/dl (or) 0.05-0.78 mmol/L | >30 mg/dl (or) >0.78mml/L | |||
| HDL (good cholesterol) | >60 mg/dl (or) >1.5 mmol/L | Men: 40-59 mg/dl (or) 1.0-1.5 mmol/L Women: 50-59 mg/dl (or) 1.3-1.5 mmol/L | Men: <40 mg/dl (or) 1.0mmol/L Women: <50 mg/dl (or) 1.3 mmol/L | ||
| Triglycerides | <150 mg/dl (or) <1.7 mmol/L | 150-199 mg/dl (or) 1.7-2.2 mmol/L | 200-499 mg/dl (or) 2.3-5.6 mmol/L | >500 mg/dl (or) >5.6 mmol/L | |
| Total Cholesterol | <200 mg/dl (or) <5.2 mmol/L | 200-239 mg/dl (or) 5.2-6.2 mmol/L | >240 mg/dl (or) >6.2 mmol/L | ||
| Blood Pressure(mm Hg) | Systolic < 120 Diastolic < 80 | Systolic 120-129 Diastolic < 80 | Systolic 130-139 Diastolic 80-89 | Systolic ≥ 140 Diastolic ≥ 90 | Systolic > 180 Diastolic > 120 |
| HbA1c | <5.7% | 5.7% to 6.4% | >6.5% | ||
| Lipoprotein (a) or Lp(a) | <14 mg/dl (or) <1.7 mmol/L (?) | 14-30 mg/dl(?) | 31-50 mg/dl (or) 75-125 nmol/L | >50 mg/dl (or) >125 nmol/L | |
| Plasma Ceramide | 0-2 – Low risk for heart disease | 3-6 – Intermediate risk for heart disease | 7-9 – Moderate risk for heart disease | 10-12 – High Risk for heart disease | |
| BNP/ NT-proBNP | <100 pg/ml | >100 pg/ml | >450 pg/ml | ||
Troponin (TnI & TnT) | TnI : 0-0.04 ng/ml TnT: 0-0.01 ng/ml | Rises 2-3 hrs after heart attack Max level in 12-48 hrs Elevated levels up to 2 weeks | |||
| Hs-CRP | < 1.0 mg/L | 1.0-3.0mg/L | >3mg/L | ||
| C-reactive protein (CRP) | <0.3 mg/dl | 0.3-1.0 mg/dl | 1.0 – 10 mg/dl | >50mg/dl |
Note: These values are general guidelines. Interpretation may vary based on individual lab cut-off values and patient-specific factors. Always consult with a healthcare professional for an accurate interpretation.
Non-Invasive Test Procedures
- Chest X-Ray:
Chest X-rays can reveal changes or issues in the lungs that are related to heart conditions. For instance, fluid buildup in the lungs may indicate congestive heart failure. - Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG):
An ECG is a simple, non-invasive test that records the electrical activity of the heart. It can identify abnormal rhythms (arrhythmias), detect heart attacks, and reveal other cardiac conditions. - Echocardiogram:
This test uses sound waves to create images of the heart’s size, shape, and movement, showing how much blood is pumped out when the heart contracts. A 2D/3D echo is typically used to assess the lower left heart / main pumping chamber, while a Doppler or color flow echo can detect blocked or leaky valves by analyzing blood flow speed and direction. - Treadmill Test/ Stress test:
This test measures the heart’s electrical activity during exercise, usually on a treadmill or bike, to increase your heart rate. If you’re unable to exercise, medication is given to mimic exercise effects. The results help assess heart function and detect any blood flow issues under stress.
Advanced Non-Invasive Imaging
- Cardiac Computed Tomography Scan(CT Scan):
This is a noninvasive imaging test. A scanner rotates around you, capturing high-quality 3D images of the heart, surrounding structures, and blood vessels using multiple X-ray beams from different angles. In some cases, an iodine-based contrast dye is administered intravenously (as in a CT angiogram) while the CT scanner takes images. To ensure accurate results, the heart rate must remain below 60 BPM, so it’s important to avoid caffeine and energy drinks. If needed, your doctor may prescribe beta-blockers to help lower the heart rate. This test can identify coronary artery issues such as vessel enlargement or narrowing, abnormal heart or valve function, and blockages from plaque buildup and calculate calcium scores. - Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI):
It is a type of noninvasive scan that uses a magnetic field and computer-generated radiofrequency waves to produce detailed images of organs and structures inside the body. It can be used to examine the heart and blood vessels, as well as identify areas of the brain affected by stroke. This test helps assess heart structure, detect scar tissue in the heart muscle, and evaluate the function of heart valves.
Invasive Testing
Invasive tests may be required for more comprehensive assessment or intervention:
- Nuclear scan (or thallium stress test):
This test assesses heart muscle function during and after exercise. A small amount of radioactive material, called Thallium, is injected into a vein, usually in the arm, and a camera tracks its absorption by the heart muscle. Areas without Thallium may suggest damage from heart attack. - Coronary Angiography:
Uses contrast dye and X-ray technology to visualize coronary arteries, often done with cardiac catheterization. - Cardiac Catheterization:
A catheter is inserted into a blood vessel and directed to the heart to measure pressures and inspect heart chambers and valves.
Each patient may require different combinations of these tests based on their unique symptoms, medical history, and initial test results.
Allopathic Treatment
Allopathic treatment for heart disease involves a comprehensive approach that combines lifestyle changes, medications, and, in some cases, surgical interventions. Here is an outline of the typical allopathic treatment options:
Allopathic Medication/Drugs
| Medication/Drug | Mechanism of Action | Side Effects | Brand Names in India |
|---|---|---|---|
| Statins (Lowers cholesterol) | Lower LDL cholesterol by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme involved in cholesterol production in the liver. | Muscle pain Liver damage Digestive problems Increased blood sugar levels | (Atorvastatin) Storvas, Atorva, Lipvas (Rosuvastatin) Rosuvas, Crestor, Rosulip |
| Beta-blockers (or) Antiarrhythmics (Lowers blood pressure) | Reduce heart rate, blood pressure, and heart workload by blocking the effects of adrenaline on beta receptors. | Fatigue Dizziness Bradycardia Depression Cold extremities Erectile dysfunction | (Atenolol) Aten, Betacard, Ziblock (Bisoprolol) Concor, Bisolol |
| ACE Inhibitors (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors) (or) Vasodilators (Lowers blood pressure, prevents heart attack & helps in heart failure) | Relax blood vessels by blocking the production of angiotensin II, a hormone that narrows blood vessels. | Cough High potassium levels Low blood pressure Dizziness Kidney dysfunction | (Enalapril) Envas, Encardil (Ramipril) Ramace, Cardace |
| ARBs (Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers) (Lowers blood pressure & helps in heart failure) | Block the action of the angiotensin II receptor, relaxing blood vessels and lowering blood pressure. Alternative to ACE inhibitors if a patient experiences persistent cough. | Dizziness High potassium levels Kidney dysfunction Fatigue | (Losartan) Losar, Covance (Telmisartan) Telma, Telsar |
| Calcium Channel Blockers (Treats heart-related chest pain & arrhythmia, lowers blood pressure ) | Relax blood vessels by blocking calcium from entering the cells of the heart and blood vessels, reducing heart rate and pressure. | Constipation Dizziness Headache Swelling in legs Lower blood pressure | (Amlodipine) Amlong , Amlodac (Diltiazem) Dilzem, Cremagel |
| Antiplatelet Agents (Treats/prevents heart attack, angina, chest pain & stroke) | Prevent blood clots by inhibiting platelet aggregation. | Increased bleeding Bruising Stomach upset | (Aspirin) Aspirin, Ecosprin, Loprin (Clopidogrel) Clopilet, Preva |
| Diuretic (Water Pills) (Lowers high blood pressure and helps in heart failure) | Inhibits the reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the kidneys, increasing urine output. Treats fluid overload associated with chronic heart/ kidney disease | Dehydration Electrolyte imbalance Dizziness Increased urination. | (Furosemide) Lasix, Urix (Hydrochlorothiazide) Hydrazide, Thiazide |
| Anticoagulants/ Blood thinners (prevents stroke, DVT & pulmonary embolism) | Prevents clot formation by inhibiting clotting factors in the blood. | Bleeding Bruising Gastrointestinal issues | (Warfarin) Warf, Sofarin (Dabigatran Etexilate) Pradaxa, Dablexa |
| Nitrates (Helps with angina & heart failure) | Relax and widen blood vessels, improving blood flow and reducing chest pain (angina). | Headache Dizziness Flushing Low blood pressure | (Isosorbide Dinitrate) Isordil, Sorba (Nitroglycerin) Sorbitrate, Angistat |
| Digoxin (Digitalis) | Increases the strength of heart muscle contractions and helps control irregular heartbeats. | Nausea Dizziness Visual disturbances Irregular heart rhythms (in high doses). | (Digoxin) Lanoxin, Cardioxin |
Surgical Procedures and Interventions
In some cases, surgery or other procedures may be necessary:
- Coronary Angioplasty and Stenting:
A procedure used to open narrowed or blocked coronary arteries and place a stent to keep them open. - Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG):
A surgical procedure that improves blood flow to the heart by redirecting blood around clogged arteries. - Implantable Devices:
Devices such as pacemakers and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) are used to manage arrhythmias and heart failure. - Heart Valve Repair or Replacement:
To address malfunctioning heart valves. - Heart Transplant:
In severe cases of heart disease where other treatments have failed, a heart transplant may be considered.
Lifestyle Modifications
Managing heart disease requires making lifestyle changes. If you have any risk factors or have been diagnosed with heart disease, it is essential to control the following:
- Lower Blood Pressure and Blood sugar – Monitor blood pressure and sugar at least once a year and more frequently if higher values
- Reduce Cholesterol levels
- Reduce and maintain a healthy weight
These goals can be achieved through:
- Adequate Sleep:
The American Heart Association recommends getting 7-8 hours of sleep each night. - Managing Stress:
Incorporate stress-reducing activities such as meditation, yoga, mindfulness, and listening to music. - Eating a Heart-Healthy Diet:
Focussing on a diet abundant in vegetables, fruits, beans, legumes, and lean protein while being low in carbohydrates, sodium, and cholesterol will aid in achieving and maintaining a healthy weight. - Exercising Regularly:
Aim for at least 30 minutes of aerobic exercise most days—ideally five times a week. Activities like brisk walking, running, swimming, cycling, playing tennis, and jumping rope are excellent choices. The goal is to accumulate a total of 150 minutes of moderate activity each week. - Quitting Smoking:
Seek support to quit smoking, as it is a major risk factor for heart disease. - Reducing Alcohol Consumption:
Limit alcohol consumption to no more than one drink per day for women and two drinks per day for men.
Allopathic Supplements
Doctors often recommend good nutrition for improving heart health that includes over-the-counter supplements such as:
- Fish oil or Omega-3:
Dietary source includes fish, olive oil, walnuts, and chia/flax seeds - Fiber:
Dietary source includes fruits and vegetables – Aids in feeling full and aids in weight loss - Potassium:
Dietary source includes beans, avocados, peas, potatoes, greens, spinach, broccoli, cabbage, parsley, bananas, oranges, papayas, dried fruits & nuts dates – Potassium helps in reducing blood pressure. - Magnesium:
Dietary source includes dry nuts like almonds and cashews, seeds like pumpkin and chia, spinach, dark chocolate, yogurt, banana, and black beans – Low levels are linked to heart diseases, but routine supplementation is not generally recommended. - Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10):
Occasionally recommended for people taking statins, as it might help with muscle pain related to statin use. - Vitamin D:
In some cases, vitamin D supplementation is considered if levels are low, as it can impact cardiovascular health.
Note: Consult with a healthcare professional before starting any supplement regimen.
Regular Monitoring and Follow-Up
Regular check-ups and monitoring are essential components of treatment to track progress, make necessary adjustments to the treatment plan, and prevent complications.
Note that the specific treatment plan for heart disease varies depending on the type and severity of the disease, as well as the individual patient’s overall health and risk factors. Consultation with a healthcare provider is essential to determine the most appropriate treatment strategy.
Ayurvedic Treatment
In Ayurveda, heart disease (Hrudroga) is addressed by balancing the doshas, adopting a nourishing and sattvic diet, and utilizing various herbs and lifestyle interventions. The treatments typically encompass the following aspects:
- Dietary modification:
Incorporating fresh vegetables, fruits, and whole grains and avoiding oily, spicy, and heavy foods. - Lifestyle changes:
Regular physical activity, such as yoga and meditation, along with stress management techniques. - Herbal medicines:
Using specific herbs and formulations to support heart health and balance doshas. - Detoxification:
Panchakarma therapy might be recommended for cleansing the body and mind.
Ayurvedic Medicines
| Herbal Medication | Description | Brands |
|---|---|---|
| Arjuna (Terminalia arjuna) | Arjuna bark is renowned for its cardioprotective properties, helping to strengthen the heart muscle and improve circulation. | Jiva Arjuna, Himalaya Arjuna |
| Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) | Ashwagandha helps to reduce stress and anxiety, which are common contributors to heart disease. It also supports overall heart health. | Himalaya Ashvagandha Kapiva Ashwagandha Gold Capsules |
| Guggulu (Commiphora mukul) | Guggulu is used for lowering cholesterol and managing obesity, which can contribute to heart disease. | Himalaya Shuddha Guggulu |
| Punarnava (Boerhaavia diffusa) | Punarnava aids in reducing fluid retention and is known for its diuretic properties, which are beneficial in heart disease. | Kerala Ayurveda Punarnavasava, Zandu Punarnava Capsules |
| Triphala Amalaki (Indian Gooseberry), Haritaki (Indian Gallnut or Terminalia chebula), & Bibhitaki (Beleric myrobalan or Terminalia bellerica). | Triphala, a blend of 3 fruits, is valued in Ayurveda for its detoxifying and anti-inflammatory properties. It supports vascular health in DVT by enhancing circulation, reducing inflammation, and lowering oxidative stress, helping maintain balanced blood flow and healthy vessels. | Organic India Triphala, Himalaya Triphala |
| Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri) | Brahmi improves circulation and supports cognitive function, reducing stress and its effects on the heart. | Organic India Brahmi, Kerala Ayurveda Brahmi |
| Sarpagandha (Rauwolfia serpentina) | Sarpagandha is commonly used for managing high blood pressure, an important factor in cardiovascular health. | Baidyanath Asli Ayurveda Sarpagandha Tablet |
| Vidari Kand / Vidari Kharik(Pueraria tuberosa) | Vidari Kand possesses strong cardioprotective properties and strengthens heart muscles, making it a complete cardio-tonic. The antioxidants in Vidari Kand combat free radicals and help prevent blood clotting. | Krishna’s Vidari Kand powder |
| Vasant Kusumakar rasa | It is a polyherbal medication commonly used to manage high sugar levels by boosting metabolism and supporting blood sugar control. It also improves blood circulation and helps reduce cholesterol. | Muditam Vasant Kusumakar Ras Tablets, Dhootpapeshwar Tablets |
Note: It is essential to consult qualified practitioners before using these medicines, as individual treatment options may vary. Severe conditions may need immediate allopathic care.
Siddha Treatment
Siddha medicine offers various approaches to managing heart disease, emphasizing holistic treatment and lifestyle modifications. Here are some Siddha Approaches to Heart Disease:
Fasting and Lifestyle Modifications:
Research indicates that Siddha fasting may provide hemodynamic and anti-inflammatory benefits for patients with acute heart failure, particularly in obese individuals. This method promotes natural ketosis and psychological empowerment, potentially improving symptoms like respiratory distress and edema.
Herbal Remedies:
Several Siddha formulations are used to strengthen the heart and manage cardiovascular conditions. Some notable remedies include:
- Siddhamakaradhwaja:
A nervine tonic that strengthens the heart, lungs, and nerves. - Draksharishta:
Known to enhance heart strength and improve muscular function. - Pardharishta:
Specifically indicated for heart disease and palpitations. - Hemamrutharasa:
Useful for various heart ailments, including arrhythmias.
Classification of Heart Diseases:
Siddha medicine classifies cardiac diseases based on deranged bodily humors (Vatha, Pitha, and Kapha). Each type of heart disease has specific symptoms and treatment protocols:
- Vali Thamaraga Noi:
Related to rheumatic valvular diseases. - Azhal Thamaraga Noi:
Associated with hypertensive and ischemic heart diseases. - Iyyam Thamaraga Noi:
Linked to myocardial infarction. - Mukkutram Thamaraga Noi:
Pertains to congestive cardiac failure.
Comprehensive Treatment Plans:
Siddha treatment often includes a combination of internal medications (like herbal powders and decoctions), dietary modifications, and external therapies (such as oil baths). These treatments aim to balance the body’s humors and improve overall health.
Preventive Measures:
The Siddha system emphasizes prevention through lifestyle changes, dietary adjustments, yoga, and rejuvenation therapies (Kayakarpam) that enhance immunity and slow aging processes.
| Medication | Purpose |
|---|---|
| Arjuna (Terminalia arjuna) | Arjuna is a prominent herb in Siddha that strengthens the heart muscles and improves cardiac function. |
| Karunjeeragam (Nigella sativa) | Known for its antioxidant properties, it helps reduce cholesterol levels and supports heart health. |
| Garlic (Allium sativum) | Used for its blood-thinning properties and ability to improve blood circulation. |
| Guggulu (Commiphora mukul) | Helps in managing cholesterol and possesses cardioprotective properties. |
| Guggulu (Commiphora mukul) | A mineral-based Siddha formulation used to enhance cardiac health and treat heart-related disorders. |
| Karuvelangai Chooranam | Herbal powder is used to support heart function and reduce stress. |
| Aadathoda | Used for its potential to manage blood pressure and support heart health. |
Note: It is essential to consult qualified practitioners before using these medicines, as individual treatment options may vary. Severe conditions may need immediate allopathic care.
Yoga
Tadasana (Mountain Pose)
- Improves posture and balance.
- Increases awareness and focus, aiding in mental calmness.
- Enhances circulation and can help reduce blood pressure.
Vrikshasana (Tree Pose)
- Improves balance and stability in the legs.
- Promotes mental focus and concentration.
- Strengthens the heart by improving overall circulation.
Bhujangasana (Cobra Pose)
- Expands the chest, which aids in improving heart health.
- Strengthens the spine and increases flexibility.
- Improves oxygen and blood circulation.
Setu Bandhasana (Bridge Pose)
- Opens the chest, improving heart and lung functioning.
- Reduces anxiety, stress, and tension.
- Improves blood circulation and helps maintain healthy blood pressure.
Trikonasana (Triangle Pose)
- Enhances cardiovascular endurance.
- Improves stamina and balance.
- Promotes digestion and reduces symptoms of anxiety.
Pavanamuktasana (Wind-Relieving Pose)
- Helps reduce abdominal fat and promotes healthy digestion.
- Relieves tension and promotes relaxation.
- Aids in lowering blood pressure.
Shavasana (Corpse Pose)
- Promotes deep relaxation and stress relief.
- Calms the mind and reduces anxiety.
- Improves circulation and encourages a healthy heart rate.
Mandukasana (Frog Pose)
- Promotes relaxation.
- Reduces stress.
- Improves circulation and overall heart health
Note: If you have a heart disease, please consult with a certified yoga instructor to ensure these practices are suitable for your condition.
References:
https://www.mayoclinic.org/
https://medlineplus.gov/
https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/sites/default/files/publications/06-5716.pdf
https://www.acc.org/about-acc/press-releases/2017/03/09/14/24/levels-of-ceramides-in-the-blood-help-predict-cardiovascular-events
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-disease/in-depth/heart-disease/art-20049357#:~:text=Measuring%20troponin%20T%20using%20a,people%20who%20have%20no%20symptoms.
https://www.healthline.com/health/heart-disease/drugs#cholesterol-medications
https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/wellness-and-prevention/the-yoga-heart-connection
https://www.artofliving.org/in-en/wellness/physical/healthy-living/yoga-exercises-for-a-healthy-heart
https://madhavbaug.org/
https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/natriuretic-peptide-tests-bnp-nt-probnp/
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0975947618303024
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4279313/#:~:text=For%20the%20prevention%20of%20heart,risk%20factors%20of%20cardiovascular%20conditions.
https://www.planetayurveda.com/library/heart-diseases/
https://ecgwaves.com/topic/cardiac-troponin-i-tni-and-t-tnt-interpretation-and-evaluation-in-acute-coronary-syndromes/
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diagnostics/16834-cardiac-computed-tomography
https://namayush.gov.in/sites/all/themes/webcms/images/org_str/SiddhaStandardTreatmentGuidelines.pdf