Aneurysm

An aneurysm is an abnormal blood vessel bulge, commonly in the brain or aorta. It primarily affects older adults, with a higher incidence in men. Morbidity and mortality rates increase with age and rupture risk. Early detection improves treatment outcomes, though surgery carries inherent risks.

Overview

An aneurysm is an abnormal bulge or ballooning in the wall of a blood vessel. They can occur in any blood vessel in the body, but they are most commonly found in the aorta (the body’s main artery) and in the blood vessels of the brain. Aneurysms can be serious and require medical attention, as they can sometimes burst (rupture), leading to dangerous internal bleeding.

Types of Aneurysm

Type	Description	Prognosis	Symptoms
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA)	A swelling or bulge in the abdominal or lower part of the aorta. It is more common in men over 65 and can lead to a life-threatening situation if it ruptures.	Large or rapidly growing aneurysms have a higher risk of rupture with serious outcomes. Surgical intervention may be necessary. With early detection and treatment, the prognosis is generally good. A rupture significantly lowers the survival rate.	A pulsing feeling near the navel Deep, constant pain in your abdomen or on the side of your abdomen Back pain If ruptured: sudden intense back or abdominal pain, dizziness, and loss of consciousness
Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm	A dilation of the upper portion of the aorta that passes through the thorax. They are less common than abdominal aortic aneurysms, mostly seen in older adults with connective tissue problems/ high blood pressure.	Early intervention often prevents complications. Monitoring or surgery is necessary depending on size and rate of growth.	Jaw, neck, or upper back pain Coughing, hoarseness Shortness of breath or trouble breathing or swallowing Tenderness or pain in the chest & back area
Cerebral Aneurysm	Occur in the blood vessels of the brain and can lead to a life-threatening hemorrhagic stroke if it ruptures.	Prognosis depends on size, location, and if it has ruptured. Small, unruptured aneurysms may have good control with monitoring. Ruptured aneurysms are serious with high risk of complications or death.	A sudden, severe headache (often described as a “thunderclap”/ “worst headache of life”) Nausea and vomiting Stiff neck Blurred or double vision Sensitivity to light Seizure Loss of consciousness
Peripheral Aneurysm	Occur in arteries other than the aorta, often in the legs(femoral or popliteal artery), spleen or neck. Less likely to rupture but can lead to significant complications like blood clots.	Often asymptomatic but can cause complications if they form blood clots or become large. Treatment can involve surgery or interventional procedures.	Pain in the affected area A lump you can feel Poor circulation beyond the aneurysm leading to symptoms like numbness Pulseless foot (in severe cases) Fever or malaise if infected
Renal Artery Aneurysm	A rare form occurring in the renal arteries, which carry blood to the kidneys. Usually found incidentally during imaging tests.	The prognosis is relatively good with careful management. Interventions may be necessary for larger aneurysms.	Flank pain High blood pressure Blood in the urine

Types Based on Shape:

Saccular Aneurysm:

Also called “berry aneurysms,” these are rounded, sac-like bulges on one side of an artery.
Common in cerebral aneurysms, often with a “neck” connecting to the main artery.
Linked to genetic or congenital weaknesses in the artery wall.

Fusiform Aneurysm:

Involves the entire artery circumference, forming a spindle-shaped bulge.
Often found in aortic aneurysms.
Typically results from widespread atherosclerosis or arterial wall weakening.

Dissecting Aneurysm

Occurs when a tear in the artery’s inner wall allows blood to separate the layers, causing a “dissection.”
Most common in the aorta (aortic dissection).
Highly dangerous, as it can lead to complete artery rupture.

Pseudo/ False Aneurysm:

Occurs when blood leaks from an artery and is contained by surrounding tissues, forming a pseudo-wall.
Often caused by trauma, surgical procedures (e.g., catheter insertion), or infections, it commonly affects the femoral artery post-angiography.
Carry a high risk of rupture or blood clots if untreated.

Types Based on Cause:

Congenital Aneurysms:

Present at birth, often due to inherited weaknesses in artery walls.
Common in individuals with connective tissue disorders like Ehlers-Danlos or Marfan syndrome.
Examples include brain aneurysms linked to genetic conditions.

Mycotic Aneurysms:

Caused by bacterial infections that weaken the artery wall.
Typically rare and can occur in any artery, though often seen in the aorta.

Traumatic Aneurysms:

Result from injury or trauma to the blood vessel wall.
Common in cases of blunt or penetrating trauma, such as after accidents or surgeries.

When to See a Doctor

Aneurysms can cause serious problems. They may rupture and lead to life-threatening bleeding. Blood clots can form inside the aneurysm, called thrombosis. These clots may block blood flow to other areas, known as embolism. Aneurysms can also press on nearby structures, causing pain or nerve damage. Timely diagnosis and treatment are essential to mitigate these risks.

Emergency Situations

An aneurysm can be a life-threatening condition if it ruptures. Seek immediate medical attention if you or someone have a rupture or impending rupture. Signs of emergency would include:

Sudden, severe pain (in chest, abdomen or head depending on the location)
Loss of consciousness or a “fainting” feeling
Sudden nausea and vomiting
Seizure
Stiff neck
Blurred or double vision
Sudden sensitivity to light
Drooping eyelid
Confusion or dizziness
Weakness or numbness on one side of the body

Routines for Pre-existing Conditions

If you have been diagnosed with an unruptured aneurysm, regular monitoring and medical checkups are crucial.

Small aneurysms may require monitoring every 6-12 months or as advised by your doctor
Larger ones near the surgical threshold may need routine check-ups every 3-6 months.
After aneurysm surgery, routine visits help monitor recovery and prevent recurrence, with periodic imaging tests as needed.
Be vigilant for any changes in symptoms and report them to your doctor immediately.

Preventative Checkups Based on Family History or Lifestyle Factors

If you have a family history of aneurysms or risk factors like smoking, hypertension, or genetic conditions, consider:

Early screening
Regular imaging every 1-2 years.
Make preventative lifestyle changes to reduce your risk.

Doctors to Consult

Depending on the stage and treatment of the aneurysm, you may need to see different specialists, including:

General Physician: For regular checkups, blood pressure management, and lifestyle advice.
Neurologist: If the aneurysm is located in the brain or you experience neurological symptoms.
Vascular Surgeon: For surgical options and consultations if an aneurysm is in an artery outside of the brain.
Interventional Radiologist: For minimally invasive procedures such as coiling or stenting.
Cardiologist: Especially if the aneurysm is located in the heart, such as an aortic aneurysm.

Risk Factors/Causes

Family History & Genetics

Family history of aneurysms
Genetic conditions such as Marfan syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, and polycystic kidney disease can predispose individuals to aneurysms.

Age & Sex

Increased risk with advancing age
Men are generally at higher risk for abdominal aortic aneurysms, while women may be more prone to brain aneurysms.
Socioeconomic conditions in developing countries increase risk and mortality rates due to limited screening and higher prevalence of risk factors like hypertension and smoking.

Lifestyle Habits

Smoking tobacco
High blood pressure (hypertension)
Excessive alcohol consumption
Poor diet and lack of physical activity can also increase risk
Obesity

Pre-existing Medical Conditions

Conditions such as high cholesterol and hypertension are contributing factors.
Atherosclerosis, or the buildup of fatty deposits in the arteries, can lead to aneurysms.
Infections & trauma affecting blood vessel walls can also play a role.
Previous vascular diseases

Prevention of Aneurysm

Maintain a Healthy Blood Pressure:
Regular monitoring and control of blood pressure through medication, exercise, and diet can help reduce the risk of aneurysms.
Stop Smoking:
Smoking is a major risk factor for aneurysms. Quitting smoking can significantly improve vascular health and decrease the risk.
Eat a Balanced Diet:
Consuming a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins helps maintain healthy blood vessels.
Regular Exercise:
Engaging in physical activity can help control weight, reduce blood pressure, and strengthen the cardiovascular system.
Limit Alcohol Consumption:
Excessive alcohol intake can raise blood pressure and increase the risk of aneurysm development.
Avoid Stimulant Drugs:
Avoid illegal drugs like cocaine, which can elevate blood pressure and damage blood vessels.
Manage Stress:
Chronic stress may contribute to higher blood pressure and can indirectly affect aneurysm risk. Techniques such as meditation, yoga, and deep breathing can be beneficial.
Monitor and Manage Other Health Conditions:
Conditions like high cholesterol, diabetes, and obesity should be managed with lifestyle changes and medication when necessary.
Regular Medical Check-ups:
Routine check-ups can help detect any abnormalities in the vascular system early, allowing for timely intervention.
Family Health History:
Be aware of your family history, especially if there is a history of aneurysms, and discuss this with your healthcare provider.

Diagnosis

An aneurysm is a localized enlargement or ballooning of a blood vessel wall caused by a weakening of the vessel wall. The diagnosis of an aneurysm involves imaging studies and a systematic evaluation by a healthcare professional to assess the size, location, and risk of rupture. The following is an overview of the standard diagnostic procedures and lab tests involved in diagnosing an aneurysm, typically in sequential order:

Medical History and Physical Examination

The diagnostic process often begins with a thorough clinical evaluation, including:

Medical History:
The healthcare provider will inquire about symptoms, family history of vascular diseases, smoking history, and other risk factors. The physician will focus on symptoms such as headaches, vision changes, or neurological deficits, and any family history of aneurysms or connective tissue disorders.
Physical Examination:
During the physical examination, they will assess for any signs that might suggest an aneurysm, such as pulsatile masses, unusual sounds in the blood vessels (bruits), neurological deficits or abnormal heart sounds.

Laboratory Tests

Although no blood tests can diagnose an aneurysm, lab tests are often performed to aid in overall risk assessment and pre-surgical planning, including:

Complete Blood Count (CBC)
To check for overall health and detect a variety of disorders.
Metabolic Panel
To evaluate blood chemistry, electrolyte levels, and kidney/liver function.
Coagulation Profile
To assess bleeding and clotting risks before surgery.
Lipid Panel
To assess cholesterol levels and potentially underlying atherosclerosis.
Genetic Testing
In cases with a family history of aneurysms or associated syndromes, genetic testing may be conducted to identify hereditary conditions.

The precise tests used may vary based on the patient’s symptoms, medical history, and the suspected type and location of the aneurysm. It is important that these diagnostic steps are carried out under the guidance of a qualified healthcare professional to ensure accurate diagnosis and appropriate management.

Imaging and Functional Tests

Ultrasound:
Often the first-line imaging test used, especially for abdominal aortic aneurysms, to visualize the aorta and measure its diameter. It is non-invasive, does not involve radiation, and provides real-time images of the blood vessels to assess size and blood flow.
Computed Tomography (CT) Scan:
A CT scan, especially CT angiography, offers detailed images of blood vessels, allowing for accurate assessment of an aneurysm’s size, shape, and location relative to nearby structures. It involves the injection of a contrast dye and is highly effective for detecting aneurysms in the brain and thoracic area.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI):
MRI or Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA) offers another imaging option. It provides high-resolution images without radiation, useful for patients requiring repeated imaging or those with aneurysms in the brain. It may be contraindicated in patients with certain types of metal implants.
Angiography:
Catheter-based angiography is the gold standard for detecting cerebral aneurysms, offering highly detailed images of brain blood vessels. Though less common as a primary diagnostic tool due to its invasiveness, it is often used when planning interventions like endovascular surgery.

Allopathic Treatment

In allopathy, the treatment approach for an aneurysm depends on its size, location, and risk of rupture. Treatments can include medical management, regular monitoring, and surgical intervention.

Medication/Drugs

Medication/Drug	Class	Mechanism of Action	Side Effects	Brand Names in India
Beta Blockers (e.g., Metoprolol) Antihypertensive	Beta-Adrenergic Blocking Agents	Reduce blood pressure by blocking the effects of epinephrine, which slows heart rate and reduces heart workload.	Fatigue Dizziness Bradycardia Depression Cold extremities Erectile dysfunction	(Atenolol) Aten, Betacard, Ziblock (Bisoprolol) Concor, Bisolol
Calcium Channel Blockers (e.g., Amlodipine) Antihypertensive	Calcium Channel Antagonists	Prevent calcium from entering cells of the heart and blood vessel walls, resulting in lower blood pressure.	Constipation Gastrointestinal disturbances Dizziness Headache Edema/Swelling in legs Lower blood pressure	(Amlodipine) Amlong , Amlodac (Diltiazem) Dilzem, Cremagel
ACE Inhibitors (e.g., Enalapril) Antihypertensive	Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors	Inhibit the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, leading to vasodilation and reduced blood pressure.	Cough High potassium levels Hyperkalemia Low blood pressure Dizziness Kidney dysfunction	(Enalapril) Envas, Encardil (Ramipril) Ramace, Cardace
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs) (e.g., Losartan) Antihypertensive	Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers	Block type II angiotensin receptors, leading to vasodilation and reduced blood pressure.	Dizziness High potassium levels Kidney dysfunction Fatigue Hypotension	Betaloc, Metolar
Enalapril	ACE Inhibitor	Inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme, leading to vasodilation and decreased blood pressure.	Dry cough, hyperkalemia, renal impairment, angioedema.	(Losartan) Losar, Covance (Telmisartan) Telma, Telsar
Statins (Lowers cholesterol)	HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors	Lower cholesterol levels by inhibiting the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase in the liver	Muscle pain Liver damage Digestive problems Increased blood sugar levels	(Atorvastatin) Storvas, Atorva, Lipvas (Rosuvastatin) Rosuvas, Crestor, Rosulip (Simvastatin) Simvotin Alvastin
Diuretics (Water Pills)	Diuretics	Inhibits reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the kidneys, increasing urine output. Treats fluid overload associated with chronic heart/ kidney disease.	Dehydration Electrolyte imbalance Dizziness Increased urination Hypotension	(Furosemide) Lasix, Urix (Hydrochlorothiazide) Hydrazide, Thiazide
Antiplatelet Agents	Platelet aggregation inhibitors	Prevent blood clots by inhibiting platelet aggregation.	Increased bleeding Bruising Stomach upset	(Aspirin) Aspirin, Ecosprin, Loprin (Clopidogrel) Clopilet, Preva
Vasodilators	Nitrates	Increase the amount of nitric oxide (NO) in vascular smooth muscle cells, causing vasodilation and reduced blood pressure. Used selectively and under close supervision in aneurysm patients due to its strong blood pressure-lowering effect.	Headache Dizziness Flushing Nasal Congestion	(Nitroglycerin) Nitrocontin, Myonit

Medical Management

For small, asymptomatic aneurysms, especially those that are less than 5 centimeters in diameter, doctors may recommend regular monitoring and management of risk factors rather than immediate surgery. This could include:

Blood Pressure Control:
High blood pressure is a significant risk factor. Medications such as beta-blockers or ACE inhibitors may be prescribed to maintain blood pressure within a normal range.
Lifestyle Modifications:
Patients may be advised to quit smoking, reduce alcohol intake, maintain a healthy diet, exercise regularly, and control other risk factors like high cholesterol.
Regular Imaging:
Routine imaging tests, like CT scans, MRIs, or ultrasounds, might be recommended to monitor the size and growth rate of the aneurysm when deducted early.

Surgical Treatment

Surgery is often recommended for larger or symptomatic aneurysms, or those that are deemed to be at a high risk of rupture. Surgical interventions may include:

Open Surgical Repair: This involves a surgeon making an incision to access the aneurysm, followed by placement of a synthetic graft to reinforce the vessel wall.
- Craniotomy and Clipping: For brain aneurysms, this procedure involves opening the skull to place a clip at the aneurysm’s base, stopping blood flow into the bulging vessel.
- Open Aneurysm Repair: Typically used for aortic aneurysms, it involves making an incision in the abdomen or chest to remove the aneurysm and replace it with a synthetic graft.
Endovascular Repair: A minimally invasive procedure primarily used for aneurysms. This reinforces the vessel wall, reduces pressure, and lowers rupture risk, offering shorter recovery and fewer complications than open surgery.
- Endovascular Coiling: For brain aneurysms, it involves the insertion of coils into the aneurysm via a catheter to induce clotting and close off the aneurysm
- Endovascular Stent Grafting: A minimally invasive procedure for aortic aneurysms, where a catheter is threaded through a blood vessel to place a stent-graft inside the aneurysm. This reinforces the vessel wall, reduces pressure, and lowers rupture risk, offering shorter recovery and fewer complications than open surgery.

Emergency Treatment

If an aneurysm ruptures, it is a medical emergency requiring immediate intervention. Emergency surgical repair is necessary to stop bleeding and manage complications.

Follow-up Care

After treatment, ongoing follow-up is crucial. This involves regular check-ups, imaging studies to ensure the aneurysm is not enlarging, and continued management of risk factors to prevent future aneurysms. The selection of treatment depends on multiple factors including the type of aneurysm, patient’s overall health, and the risk assessment made by healthcare professionals.

Lifestyle Changes for Management

An aneurysm is a serious condition that requires careful management to prevent complications. While medical interventions may be necessary, incorporating lifestyle changes can significantly contribute to the management of an aneurysm. Here are some lifestyle changes and allopathic supplements that may be recommended:

Quit smoking:
Smoking is a major risk factor for aneurysms. Quitting smoking can help reduce further damage to blood vessels and lower the risk of rupture.
Manage blood pressure:
High blood pressure can put stress on blood vessel walls. Regular monitoring and maintaining a healthy blood pressure through diet, exercise, and medication (if prescribed) are crucial.
Adopt a heart-healthy diet:
A diet low in saturated fats, cholesterol, and sodium can help control blood pressure and maintain healthy blood vessels. Incorporate fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins into your diet.
Exercise regularly:
Engage in moderate aerobic exercise such as walking, swimming, or cycling regularly. However, consult a healthcare provider for personalized advice on safe physical activities.
Limit alcohol consumption:
Excessive alcohol intake can increase blood pressure and weaken blood vessels. It’s advisable to adhere to recommended guidelines for alcohol consumption.
Monitor cholesterol levels:
High cholesterol can contribute to atherosclerosis, which may worsen an aneurysm. Regular check-ups and dietary adjustments can help manage cholesterol levels.
Weight management:
Maintaining a healthy weight can reduce the strain on your cardiovascular system and help manage blood pressure.
Stress management:
Stress can lead to elevated blood pressure. Practices such as mindfulness, meditation, or yoga can help manage stress levels.
Regular medical checkups:
Regular visits to your healthcare provider can help monitor the aneurysm’s size and determine appropriate treatment or lifestyle modifications.

Allopathic Supplements

While lifestyle changes are fundamental, certain allopathic supplements and medications might also be recommended by your healthcare provider to support vascular health and lower aneurysm risk factors. These may include:

Omega-3 Fatty Acids:
Found in fish oil; reduces inflammation, blood pressure, and cholesterol.
Vitamin D:
Supports vascular integrity and reduces inflammation.
CoQ10:
An antioxidant that enhances vascular function and may lower blood pressure.
Magnesium:
Regulates blood pressure and prevents arterial stiffness.
Vitamin C:
Aids collagen production for blood vessel strength.
Vitamin E:
Antioxidant that protects blood vessels; use cautiously as high doses may increase bleeding risk.
L-Arginine:
Helps produce nitric oxide for blood flow, but requires medical supervision.

Consult Your Doctor:
Always talk to a healthcare provider before starting supplements, as they may interact with medications, especially for aneurysm management.
Use Moderately:
Avoid excessive doses, particularly for supplements affecting blood pressure or blood thinning, to reduce risks.

Ayurvedic Treatment

Aneurysm is a severe condition that requires proper medical intervention. Ayurvedic treatment is primarily supportive and focuses on improving overall vascular health. It includes lifestyle modifications, dietary recommendations, and herbal preparations aimed at balancing doshas and strengthening the body’s ability to heal.

Lifestyle and Dietary Recommendations

Diet:
Incorporate foods that pacify Vata dosha, such as warm, cooked meals with healthy fats. Avoid processed foods, excessive caffeine, and alcohol.
Yoga and Meditation:
Regular practice can help manage stress levels, thereby reducing blood pressure and supporting cardiovascular health.

Panchakarnma Therapies

Detoxification procedures like Panchakarma are employed to eliminate toxins and restore dosha balance.

Virechana (Purgation Therapy):
Helps in cleansing the body and reducing Pitta dosha, which can contribute to vascular inflammation.
Basti (Medicated Enema):
Effective in balancing Vata dosha and improving overall circulatory health

Ayurvedic Medicines

Herbal Medication	Description	Brands
Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri)	Known for its neuroprotective properties and its role in improving circulation and reducing stress.	Himalaya, Organic India
Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera)	An adaptogen that helps the body manage stress, which can be beneficial in reducing blood pressure—a risk factor for aneurysms.	Baidyanath, Dabur
Arjuna (Terminalia arjuna)	Traditionally used for cardiac health, Arjuna is believed to support healthy blood vessels.	Himalaya, Zandu
Guggul (Commiphora mukul)	Guggulu is used for lowering cholesterol and managing obesity, which can contribute to heart disease.	Himalaya Shuddha Guggulu
Punarnava (Boerhaavia diffusa)	Punarnava aids in reducing fluid retention and is known for its diuretic properties, which are beneficial in heart disease.	Kerala Ayurveda Punarnavasava, Zandu Punarnava Capsules
Sarpagandha (Rauwolfia serpentina)	Sarpagandha is commonly used for managing high blood pressure, an important factor in cardiovascular health.	Baidyanath Asli Ayurveda Sarpagandha Tablet
Triphala Amalaki (Indian Gooseberry), Haritaki (Indian Gallnut or Terminalia chebula), & Bibhitaki (Beleric myrobalan or Terminalia bellerica).	Triphala, a blend of 3 fruits is valued in Ayurveda for its detoxifying and anti-inflammatory properties. It supports vascular health in DVT by enhancing circulation, reducing inflammation, and lowering oxidative stress, helping maintain balanced blood flow and healthy vessels.	Organic India Triphala, Himalaya Triphala

Key Considerations:

Consult a Practitioner:
Always seek guidance from a qualified Ayurvedic practitioner to ensure treatments suit your specific needs.
Complement, Don’t Replace:
Ayurvedic treatments can support allopathic care but should not replace conventional medical treatment, especially for serious conditions like aneurysms
Comprehensive Approach:
Managing aneurysms requires a holistic medical strategy, including regular monitoring and consultations with healthcare professionals.

Siddha Treatment

In Siddha medicine, aneurysms are viewed as imbalances in the body’s energies (Vatham, Pitham, and Kapham) and are managed through treatments that strengthen blood vessels, reduce inflammation, and improve circulation.

A Kapham imbalance can cause heaviness, lethargy, congestion, and fluid retention, along with sluggish digestion and excessive sleepiness. Balancing Kapham involves stimulating activities, lighter foods, and warming treatments. An imbalance in Vata can lead to feelings of anxiety, insecurity, and worry. A Pitta imbalance often results in inflammation, heat, and digestive issues, and may cause anger, impatience, and irritability, even affecting judgment. Common Siddha approaches to support vascular health & balance Vatham, Pitham & Kapham:

Ennai Muzhukku (Oleation Therapy): It involves the application of medicated oils, ghee and herbs to the body internally and externally for three to seven days.
Internal Medicines (herbal formulations for vascular support)
External Medicines (topical applications for circulation)
Thaarai or Shirodhara (Head Flow) Treatment: It is an ancient therapy where a warm stream of oil, milk, or buttermilk flows onto the forehead, calming the nervous system, reducing stress, and balancing Vata and Pitta doshas. Typically performed after a therapeutic massage (Abhyanga), it provides deep relaxation for the mind and body.
Siddhar Yoga Maruthuvam (therapeutic yoga practices)
Varmam Maruthuvam (acupressure-based therapy)

These therapies aim to restore balance and support vascular health.

Medication	Purpose
Venthamarai kudineer/Choornam	Herbal powder that helps one to get rid of issues like depression, hypertension, anxiety, panic attacks and helps to relax nervous system, Choornam Dosage: 1-2 gm with lukewarm water, twice daily (BD), after food. Kudineer Dosage: 60-80 ml, twice daily (BD), after food
Asai chooranam	Seeragam (1 kg) was soaked in juice from 300 lemons, shade-dried, and powdered. Sugar equal to one-fourth of its weight is added. Recommended for Pitta diseases, vomiting, giddiness, tastelessness, indigestion, peripheral neuritis, and fever. It is also used for controlling hypertension, and recommended to be taken continuously for 48 days (1 mandalam). Dosage: 1-2 gm with lukewarm water, twice daily (BD), after food
Maruthampattai kudineer	Maruthampattai kudineer is a polyherbal Siddha medicine used to treat diabetes. Dosage: 60-80 ml, twice daily (BD), after food.
Nerunjil kudineer	Contains Nerunjil, nellivatral, neermulli and other ingredients. Used for renal calculi, oedematous swellings, and as a diuretic. Dosage: 60-80 ml, twice daily (BD), before food.
Thiratchai kudineer	The Thiratchai kudineer is a polyherbal formulation used to treat various Pitta imbalances like constipation, indigestion and help treat liver diseases. Dosage: 60-80 ml, twice daily (BD), before food.
Sarpagantha chooranam	It is used in the treatment of hypertension, anxiety, and insomnia. Dosage: 1-2 gm with lukewarm water, twice daily (BD), after food
Dhratchathy chooranam	Is a polyphenol-rich siddha medicine used to treat used to treat anemia, oxidative stress and improve tissue damage. Dosage: – 1-2 gm with honey, twice daily (BD), after food
Keezhanelli chooranam	Helps with fever, dysentery, diabetes Mellitus and indigestion. Dosage: 1-2 gm with buttermilk/ butter, thrice daily (TDS), after food.
Karisalai Chooranam	Herbal formulation used for strengthening blood vessels and improving circulation.
Vembu Kudineer	Herbal decoction used for detoxification and to reduce inflammation.
Vasantha Kusumakaram	Classical Siddha medicine used for immune support and rejuvenation.
Pinda Thylam (external application)	Oil used externally for improving local circulation and reducing muscular stress.
Kayakalpa Therapy	A comprehensive rejuvenation therapy aimed at enhancing overall well-being and longevity.
Garlic (Allium sativum)	Garlic is used to lower blood pressure and improve circulation, which can relieve stress on weakened vessel walls. It is often recommended in raw or supplement form.
Nannari (Indian Sarsaparilla)	This herb has cooling properties and can help detoxify the blood, which supports vascular integrity. Also has diuretic properties that help in controlling blood pressure.
Karunai Legiyam	This is a traditional Siddha formulation that may support cardiovascular health and improve blood flow.
Punarnava Chooranam	Often used to support kidney and liver health, this can indirectly benefit vascular health by improving blood quality and circulation.

Siddha therapies

Varmam Therapy

This is an ancient system of acupressure-based healing practice in Siddha medicine, involving pressure points and energy channels in the body. Here’s a brief explanation of each:

Puruva Varmam:
Located near the forehead, often targeted for issues related to the head and mental clarity.
Kaikavuli Varmam:
Found on the hand, influencing vision and eye health.
Moothira Kaalam:
Related to urinary functions, impacting bladder health and regulation.
Ulkuththu Varmam:
Situated in the inner body area, supporting digestive and respiratory functions.
Dhatchinai Kaalam:
Associated with balance and circulation, often linked to overall body energy regulation.

Ennai Muzhukku (Oleation Therapy)

It involves the application of medicated oils, ghee and herbs to the body internally and externally for three to seven days. List of oils used for this therapy are:

Santhanathy thylam
Kaiyan thylam
Seeraga thylam
Keezhanelli thylam
Thiriphala thylam
Chitramutti thylam

Thaarai or Shirodhara (Head Flow) Treatment

It is an ancient therapy where a warm stream of oil, milk, or buttermilk flows onto the forehead, calming the nervous system, reducing stress, and balancing Vata and Pitta doshas. Typically performed after a therapeutic massage (Abhyanga), it provides deep relaxation for the mind and body. Oils used are:

Chitramutti madakku thylam
Nellikaai thylam

Siddha Detoxification Therapies

Virechanam (Purgation):
A detoxifying therapy to balance Vatham and reduce vascular inflammation.
Vasthi (Medicated Enema):
Helps eliminate toxins and reduce blood vessel pressure.

Important Considerations

Consultation:
It’s essential to consult a qualified Siddha practitioner for a personalized approach. Siddha treatments can complement conventional treatments but should not replace them, especially for serious conditions like aneurysms.
Quality Assurance:
Ensure any herbal products are sourced from reputable suppliers to guarantee quality and authenticity.
Combined Approach:
Siddha treatments can help manage underlying risk factors, such as high blood pressure, but regular monitoring and guidance from a healthcare provider are crucial.

While Siddha medicine provides supportive treatments, it is vital to use these approaches in conjunction with conventional care, particularly for high-risk aneurysms.

Yoga

Yoga can be a beneficial complementary practice advocated by both Ayurvedic and Siddha treatments for individuals dealing with aneurysms, as it helps promote overall well-being, reduces stress, and improves circulation. However, it is essential to consult with a healthcare professional before starting any yoga practice to ensure it is safe for your specific condition. Here are some gentle yoga asanas that might be beneficial:

Balasana (Child’s Pose)

Benefits: This resting pose helps calm the mind and relieve stress, which can be beneficial in managing overall health concerns, including cardiovascular conditions.

Sukhasana (Easy Pose)

Benefits: Promotes a sense of calm and relaxation and enhances mindfulness and meditative focus, which may help in reducing stress related to an aneurysm.

Setu Bandhasana (Bridge Pose)

Benefits: Opens the chest, heart, and shoulders, improves circulation, and helps alleviate stress.

Shavasana (Corpse Pose)

Benefits: Induces relaxation and reduces stress, creating a peaceful mental state that contributes to overall heart health.

Tadasana (Mountain Pose)

Benefits: Enhances posture and balance, which can aid in reducing tension and allowing for better circulation

Vrikshasana (Tree Pose)

Benefits: Encourages balance and stability, and is gentle enough to not strain the body, while promoting focus and relaxation.

Pranayama without Kumbagam (Breathing practise)

Benefits: Is a foundational breathing practice in yoga focusing on mindful inhalation (Purakam) and exhalation (Rechakam) without breath retention (Kumbagam). Enhances Blood circulation.

Singasana or Simhasana (Lion Pose)

Benefits: Enhances digestion and improves blood flow.

Bhujangasana (Cobra Pose)

Benefits: It improves flexibility and blood circulation.

Remember, always practice yoga under the guidance of a certified instructor and ensure that the postures don’t strain your body, especially when dealing with specific health conditions such as an aneurysm.